超声心动图检测喂服安宝后胎羊的血流动力学变化

目的探讨喂服常规剂量安宝后胎羊的血流动力学变化。方法10只单胎晚孕山羊随机分成实验组5只,对照组5只。于妊娠110~120d实验组山羊喂服安宝片剂5次(每隔2h喂一次,每次20mg),对照组采用同样的方法,喂服等量的安慰剂维生素C片。分别于每次喂药后0.5h采用超声心动图检测胎羊的血流动力学参数。结果实验组与对照组的血流动力学参数,包括脐动脉PI(UmAPI),肾动脉PI(RAPI),静脉导管PI(DVPI),左、右心室射血分数(EF),左、右心室Tei指数,二、三尖瓣E/A比值的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论尚不能认为常规剂量安宝对胎羊的血流动力学有显著的影响。     

Measurement of cardiac contractility using fetal isovolumetric contraction time in fetal tachyarrhythmia

The isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) is known to be an index of cardiac contractility. In this study, we examined the relationship between the fetal ICT and fetal heart rate (FHR) and evaluated the usefulness of ICT in the assessment of fetal cardiac contractility in cases with fetal tachyarrhythmia. Seven cases with fetal tachyarrhythmia between 32 and 40 weeks’ gestation were included in this study. The fetal ICT was measured using a continuous Doppler device and digital filters. The relationship between the fetal ICT and FHR was analyzed using the Spearman’s rank correlation test in each fetus. Based on the FHR and ultrasound findings of hydrops at the measurement of ICT, the obtained data were divided into three groups: normal, tachyarrhythmia only and hydrops. The clinical usefulness of ICT was assessed using the random effect model. In 7 fetuses, a total of 60 data points were obtained. A significant correlation between fetal ICT and FHR was not noted in each fetus. The ICT of the hydrops group was significantly prolonged compared with those of the normal and tachyarrhythmia-only groups (p < 0.01). An association between the fetal ICT and FHR is not noted and the fetal ICT might have some utility to detect impaired fetal cardiac contractility even in fetuses with tachyarrhythmia. (E-mail: yfujita@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp)     

正常孕妇胎儿脐动脉血流的临床研究

目的:探讨胎儿脐动脉的S/D值与孕龄的关系,把东北与西南地区的S/D值对照,探讨两地的S/D值是否有差异。方法:将东北地区714例和西南地区642例末次月经明确、平时月经规律的正常妊娠的孕妇,孕龄为20周~42周,每4周为一组,将其脐动脉的S/D值加以记录,计算出每组孕龄的S/D值范围,得出孕龄与S/D值的对应关系,并将两地的S/D值范围对照,验证两地脐动脉S/D值是否具有差异。结果:随着孕龄的增加脐动脉的S/D值呈下降趋势,两地之间正常胎儿的S/D值无差异性,P>0·05。结论:脐动脉的S/D值不具有区域性的差异,是一个较客观的指标,对临床具有指导意义。     

Ultrasonographic nomograms of the fetal fourth ventricle: additional tool for detecting abnormalities of the posterior fossa.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize normal growth of the fetal fourth ventricle on ultrasonography throughout pregnancy. METHODS: Consecutive biometric measurements and fetal organ scans were obtained from 299 patients undergoing fetal anatomic surveys between 13 and 40 weeks' gestation. Using 7- and 3.5-MHz transducers for early (13- to 17-week) and late (>17-week) examinations, respectively, we scanned the fetal head in the axial plane with special focus on the posterior fossa of the brain. The fourth ventricle was identified, and its anteroposterior diameter and width were measured. A "triangle" formula was used for calculating its circumference and area. RESULTS: The fourth ventricle was shown as a hypoechoic triangle below the level of the cerebellum. A linear regression line of the fourth ventricle was observed across gestational age, and a first-degree correlation was found between gestational age and anteroposterior diameter of the fourth ventricle (r = 0.894; P < .0001; y = -0.84 + 0.23 x gestational age), its width (r = 0.657; P < .0001; y = 3.82 + 0.14 x gestational age), its circumference (r = 0.843; P < .0001; y = 5.11 + 0.58 x gestational age), and its area (r = 0.844; P < .0001; y = -10.11 + 1.17 x gestational age). Twelve enlarged fourth ventricles were found between 14 and 16 weeks, but results of follow-up scans at 20 weeks were normal. CONCLUSIONS: An isolated enlarged fourth ventricle in the early second trimester might represent a normal variant; it should be followed, but decisions about the fate of the pregnancy should not be based solely on this finding.     

探讨染色体微阵列分析技术在产前诊断中的应用

目的 探讨染色体微阵列分析(CMA)技术在产前诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 选择2018年7月至2019年6月在滨州医学院附属医院行羊膜腔穿刺的132例单胎孕妇为研究对象,采用传统染色体核型分析技术与CMA技术对所有病例进行检测,并分析比较两种方法所得出的检测结果。 结果 本研究中染色体核型分析检出1例染色体不平衡变异与13例胎儿非整倍体,CMA检测结果与之相同,但CMA可更精确地给出染色体不平衡变异的异常位点。此外,在3例染色体核型正常的胎儿中,CMA亦检出致病性基因的拷贝数变异,从而对疾病的诊断率提高2.27％。在4例核型正常的胎儿中,CMA检出临床意义不明确的拷贝数变异(CNV),检出率为3.03％;但CMA不能检测出染色体倒位、多态性及平衡易位。 结论 对非整倍体和不平衡染色体变异的检出率,CMA与核型分析相同,但CMA的敏感性和分辨率更高,同时亦可检出其他有临床意义的基因拷贝数。但因CMA技术自身亦有局限性,尚不可完全替代传统染色体核型分析技术。